The ART OF WAR IN THE POST-MODERN ERA. The Battle of Perceptions by Marco Cagnazzo & Fabiano Zinzone

Author:Marco Cagnazzo & Fabiano Zinzone [Cagnazzo, Marco & Zinzone, Fabiano]
Language: ita
Format: epub
Tags: Political Science, General
ISBN: 9788831685443
Google: -EzyDwAAQBAJ
Amazon: B08D9RFG4Y
Barnesnoble: B08D9RFG4Y
Goodreads: 54769791
Publisher: Youcanprint
Published: 2020-07-15T00:00:00+00:00

Another key enduring concept that is cardinal to any action in any domain is Surprise, which brings in itself the concepts already discussed of deception and operations security. As pointed out already, surprise today and in the future is raised and will remain at strategic level, given the invasive and pervasive character of information gathering and disruption provided today by the information and cyber and space domains. Given its enduring significance though, surprise must be achieved through a synergic action, at any level, through a coherent action of the cognitive dimension of any domain. Surprise is and will be also key to out-pace and disrupt the decision making process of the opponent, imposing asymmetry and eroding time and space; in essence to achieve dominance or, simply superiority in Sun Tzu’s nine grounds and their natural derivatives, the domains.

One of the newest (only apparent) explicit principles that stemmed out from the modern and the postmodern environment is resilience. Resilience, that has much to do with the cyberspace domain as the origin of the current discussion, in reality took its real steps from the Cold War. The doctrine of deterrence and massive retaliation/response applied by NATO and the Warsaw Pact provided the need for survivability after the so-called first strike. It has been, then, overlooked until the recent years, when the frequent and persistent cyber-attacks to the nets highlighted the threat of paralyzing or jeopardising key infrastructures across all domains (for the military, of utmost concern was and still is the Command and Control infrastructure, both physical and logic). Resilience brings in itself the redundancy principle. In other words, backup systems and procedures that can assure continuity throughout all phases of a campaign and across all three dimensions (physical, cognitive, information). Hence the concept, strictly taken from the battlefield of the past, of multiple layers, across all domains and at any level, from the grand strategic down to the sub tactical level, of resilience. Potential solutions to the problem pass also through the recourse to analogic systems as a backup of digital systems, the old fashioned “emergency lever or button”. However, resilience brings with the term a simple purpose: to withstand – not to avoid completely - strategic surprises of any kind, from war, to natural disasters, to pandemics, to general instability; to absorb the first wave, the second wave and outlast them preserving the core foundations of our reality. The problem, however, is that in the past and today all planners chase opponents or other threats, in any domain, using resistance strategies rather than resilience ones. As Joshua Cooper Ramo had to say

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